What is SS-31?

SS-31, also known as MTP-131, Bendavia, or Elamipretide, is a small peptide that can enter cells and target the inner mitochondrial membrane. This region is crucial for energy production within cells. It’s known for its protective effects on the mitochondria, including:

• Reducing the production of harmful molecules called reactive oxygen species (ROS)
• Preventing the release of cytochrome c, a protein involved in cell death

The Science Behind MTP-131

Dr. Hazel Szeto discovered SS-31 at Weill Cornell Medical College. Works by binding to cardiolipin, a fat molecule on the inner mitochondrial membrane. Cardiolipin helps organize the electron transport chain, a series of protein complexes responsible for energy production. By influencing the interaction between cardiolipin and cytochrome c, it improves the efficiency of the electron transport chain, leading to less ROS generation. Additionally, it helps prevent mitochondrial swelling and cell death.

Why is SS-31 Exciting?

It’s unique ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and target mitochondria makes it a potential therapeutic approach for various conditions linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. When mitochondria malfunction, they produce less energy, leading to cell damage and death. This dysfunction is implicated in several diseases, including:

• Alzheimer’s disease
• Muscular dystrophy
• Cancer

Research Highlights

• Improved Memory in Mice: Studies show that Elamipretide can improve mitochondrial function and reduce oxidative stress in mice. This protection helps prevent memory impairment caused by lipopolysaccharide, a bacterial toxin.
• Benefits for Cognitive Function in Aged Mice: it has been shown to improve neurovascular coupling (communication between neurons and blood vessels), cerebrovascular endothelial function (health of blood vessel lining in the brain), and cognitive abilities in aged mice. This suggests the potential for treating age-related cognitive decline.

The Future

Understanding how SS-31 promotes mitochondrial health may lead to the development of new treatments for various diseases. This research underscores the critical role of mitochondria in overall health and well-being. Further studies are needed to confirm it’s effectiveness in humans and determine its optimal use for specific conditions. With continued research, it holds immense promise for improving mitochondrial function and potentially revolutionizing healthcare for a wider population.